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Free-Riding in Group Projects: Control Mechanisms and Preliminary Data

College of Business Administration, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.

Rolph E. Anderson

Department of Marketing, College of Business and Administration, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The article discusses the causes of free-riding in group activities and reviews the empirical literature, then makes 15 recommendations for reducing free-riding by students in academic marketing group projects. The recommendations are based on a review of empirical work in the fields of free-riding and social loafing. The authors also offer preliminary data on student perceptions regarding the effectiveness of six techniques for reducing free-riding: (1) group cohesiveness (group self-selection), (2) group size, (3) unilateral expulsion of teammates, (4) unilateral withdrawal from the group, (5) instructor discussion of the free-riding problem, and (6) evaluation of teammates.

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